Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research

ABSTRACT: A simple, specific, and accurate reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of Levodopa (LD) and Carbidopa (CD) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. A Phenomenex C18- RP Aqueous reverse phase column (250 x 4.6mm, 5 µm) with mobile phase containing 0.05%(v/v) o-phosphoric acid: acetonitrile (96:4%v/v) was used at 1mL/min flow rate in isocratic mode and the eluents were monitored at 220 nm. The retention times of LD and CD were 4.2 and 7.4 min respectively and showed a good linearity in the concentration range of 20-100 µg/mL for LD and 10-50µg/mL for CD with a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.9999 and 0.9998. The percentage assays for controlled matrix tablets (SYNDOPA) were found to be 101.98 and 100.47 respectively for LD and CD. The proposed method was validated as per ICH guidelines and successfully applied for the simultaneous estimation of LD and CD in tablet formulations and dissolution sample analysis. For more ...

ABSTRACT: In recent years, Triazole derivatives have acquired conspicuous significance due to their wide spectrum of biological activities. There is an increasing demand for the preparation of new antimicrobial agents due to the developing resistance towards conventional antibiotics. This review article covers the latest information over active triazole derivatives having different pharmacological action such as, antiviral, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal and antituberculosis. It can act as an important tool for medicinal chemists to develop newer compounds possessing triazole moiety that could be better agents in terms of efficacy and safety. For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Link:  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/bioactive-triazoles-a-potential-review.pdf

ABSTRACT: Implantation technology is currently the most utilized route for studying sustained drug release potential. Present investigation explores the scope of sustaining the release of drug by using Gelatin-Sodium Alginate combination biodegradable implants. Implants were formulated in varied ratios of Gelatin and Sodium alginate, i.e. 70:30, 80:20 and 90:10 % w/w by heating and congealing method. They were then exposed to formaldehyde for different time periods, (3 Hrs, 6 Hrs, 12 Hrs and 24 Hrs) for hardening. Aspirin was chosen as the model drug because it plays an important role in treating many long term conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, myocardial infarction, stroke and cancer. The implants were evaluated for thickness, weight variation, presence of free formaldehyde and in-vitro release studies over a period of 96 hours (4 days). The implant formulated with 80:20 Gelatin-Sodium Alginate ratio and hardened for 12 hours with formaldehyde were found to produce the maximum...

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to isolate the actinobacteria from the faeces of domestic animals and to explore their biotechnological properties. A total of 87 actinobacterial cultures were isolated from different faeces of goat and chicken collected from various locations in Pudukkottai and Tiruchirappalli Districts, Tamil Nadu. Among the 87 actinobacterial isolates, 45 isolates were selected for the screening of antibacterial activity and extracellular digestive enzyme production based on distinct morphological features and growth rate. The actinobacterial isolates were varied one among them in their antibacterial activity and digestive enzyme producing abilities. Out of 45 isolates, 7 (15.6%) isolates showed multiple inhibitory activities against all the tested bacterial pathogens and 26 (57.8%) displayed excellent production of industrially important extracellular digestive enzymes. For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Li...

ABSTRACT: Three simple, selective and precise methods, namely, derivative, derivative of the ratio spectrophotometric and high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods were developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of mometasone furoate and miconazole nitrate in mixture. The first method involves the use of derivative spectrophotometry with the zero-crossing technique where mometasone furoate was determined using its 1D (λ= 8) amplitude at 270.5 nm and miconazole nitrate was determined using its 3D (λ= 4) amplitude at 282.1 nm. The second method involves the application of the second derivative of the ratio spectrophotometric method where mometasone furoate and miconazole nitrate were determined using ∆λ= 4 at 267.2 nm and 281.2 nm, respectively. The third method is based on gradient elution of mometasone furoate and its alkaline degradation products along with miconazole nitrate on reversed phase C18 column, (3.9 × 300 mm, 10µm) - Waters , using a mobile ...

ABSTRACT:   Antioxidant activity of four mushrooms was assayed by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power, iron chelation, ABTS, DPPH and hydroxyl radical. Furthermore, total phenol and flavonoid contents of these mushrooms extract were also determined. Rutin and quercertin were used as standards. All the four mushrooms exhibited potent and concentration dependent free radical scavenging activity in all the assays tested. However, Pleurotus ostreatus had the highest radical scavenging ability. Reductive ability of these mushrooms were also found to increase with increase in concentration. Total phenol and flavonoid content determination showed that all the mushrooms are rich in phenols and flavonoids. Pleurotus ostreatus had the highest phenolic and flavonoid content among the four mushrooms indicating that it has the highest antioxidant capacity among the mushrooms studied. All the results of the in vitro antioxidant assays reveal potent antioxidant and free ...

ABSTRACT:   A series of four poly(ester-amides) were synthesized by direct polycondensation of an aromatic diacid namely 4,4´-oxybis(benzoicacid) and 4,4´-biphenyldicarboxylic acid with a diamine namely ethylene diamine and a diol namely 2,5-bis(4-hydroxybenzylidene)cyclopentanone (BHCP) and 2,5-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) cyclopentanone (BVCP) in pyridine using diphenyl chlorophosphate as the condensation agent. These poly(esteramides) were characterized by qualitative solubility data and viscosity values. The microstructure of the repeating units existing in the poly(ester-amide) backbone was established by FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The inhibitory activity of the bisbenzylidenecyclopentanone diols and their poly(ester-amides) against pathogenic bacteria is well documented. For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Link:  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/a-study-on-the-synthesis-and-bactericidal-effica...

ABSTRACT: This study aims to encapsulate Ranitidine hydrochloride within floating alginate Hydroxy Propyl Methylcellulose beads as an oral Sustained release delivery system using ionotropic gelation technique. Ranitidine hydrochloride (RHCL) is an antiulcer drug and works on H2-receptor mainly in stomach. The primary absorption region of this drug is stomach. Since it is an antiulcer drug, it will be beneficial to retain the drug in gastric region. The half life of RHCL is approximately 2.1 hr and the dose of drug is also low which make it a suitable candidate for sustained release dosage form. By retaining it in stomach and by sustaining its release, the absorption of drug and its efficacy can be enhanced. To optimize drug entrapment efficiency and dissolution behavior of the prepared beads, different parameters of drug: polymer ratio, polymer mixture ratio, and gelling agent concentration were involved. The prepared beads were investigated with respect to their buoyancy, encapsul...

ABSTRACT: The phytopesticidal effects of Piper guineense, Capsicum annum, Zingiber officinale and Lippia adoensis were tested for the mortality rates of the following insects: Rhaffella germanium, Aedes spp, Diphtheria spp and the brown plant hoppers. Percentage mortality rates of 89.5±2.2 for Rhaffella germanium; 55.3 ± 4.6 for Aedes spp; 92.4 ± 1.8 for Diphtheria spp and 61.7 ± 3.4 for the brown plant hopper was recorded by Piper guineense as compared to Capsicum annum which had mortality rates in percentage as 90.9 ± 3.2 for Diphtheria spp; and 50.5 ± 3.3 for the brown plant hopper.Lippia adoensis also had mortality rates in percentage of 56.3 ± 3.0 for Rhaffella germanium, 87.7 ± 2.7 for Aedes spp; 69.3 ± 5.9 for Diphtheria spp and 61.1 ± 2.2 for the brown plant hopper as compared to Zingiber officinale which showed percentage mortality rates of 31.1 ± 3.3 for Raffella germanium, 91.3 ± 2.8 for Aedes spp; 91.1 ± 2.5 for Diphtheria spp and 34.4 ± 3.8 for the brown plant hopper. T...

ABSTRACT: Triazole-containing compounds or oxadiazole as anti-bacterial always be used in pharmaceutical science. So our went to produce compound to be including both the imidazole and oxadiazole. pyridine-3-carbohydrazide (4) reaction with chloroacetic acid in presence of POCl3 gave chloro methyl 1, 3, 4 –Oxadiazole (5) derivative. Compound (5) on treatment with sodium azide yielded azidiomethyl- 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole (6). This azide (6) derivative further reacted with acetyl acetone in presence of potassium carbonate to form 1-(1-((5-pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4- oxadiazol-2-yl) methyl)-5- methyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethanone (7). For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Link:  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/synthesis-of-new-triazole-and-oxadiazole-containing-compound-in-the-azide-reaction-as-an-antibacterial-drug.pdf

ABSTRACT: Color is the main feature of any food item as it enhances the appeal and acceptability of food. Currently, there is increasing awareness among people towards natural dyes and dye yielding plants due to severe health problems. Beet scientifically known as Beta vulgaris belongs to Chenopodiaceae family and locally known in Libyan markets as "Banjer". The present study aimed to study of beet from Libyan markets as coloring agent in food and cosmetic. Beet juice was prepared by hot extraction using methanol and then examined for its activity against bacteria by using the agar well diffusion method and also as antioxidant by using 2,2, Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH• ) assay. Beet juice also investigated phytochemically which indicated that beet is a rich source of flavonoids. Beet juice examined for the presence of aflatoxines (B1, B2, G1and G2), the beet juice was free from mentioned toxic substances. Therefore, the juice is safe. Finally Beet juice was evaluated a...

ABSTRACT: Environmental pollutions caused by the release of wide range of compounds from various industries such as paper pulp and textiles have a serious effect on ecosystem and human health. Sulphonated azo dyes represent a large class of dyes used in textile industries. The precursors of these dyes are sulphonated aromatic amines. Release of such toxic compounds in the environment cause toxic effects on soil fertility and aquatic ecosystem. Limited attention has been paid towards the fate of sulphonated aromatic amines and substituted sulphonated aromatic amines in the environment previously. The present research work describes biodegradation of azo dye precursor 1- amino 2- napthol 4 - sulphonic acid by Pseudomonas desmolyticum NCIM 2112 which was studied by FTIR and GCMS analysis. The resulting metabolites of biodegradation include propylmethane thiosulfonate and aminobenzene and they were found to be nontoxic in the environment. For more details Home Page URL : http://www...

ABSTRACT: Extraction and facilitated transport of alkali metal ions have been studied using ethyleneglycoldiacetate as a carrier through bulk liquid membranes using dichloromethane, 1, 2-dichloroethane and chloroform. Picrate, dinitrophenolate and orthonitrophenolate have been used as anions. Higher extraction and transport values were observed for sodium ions. Picrate anion is found to be the best in comparison to dinitrophenolate and orthonitrophenolate. Liquid membranes provide applications in organic synthesis, photochemical energy conversion and isomer and isotope separation techniques.  For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Link:  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/extraction-and-transport-of-alkali-metal-ions-through-bulk-liquid-membranes-by-ethyleneglycoldiacetate.pdf

ABSTRACT: Pineapple is a rich source of ascorbic acid supplement to our diet. Pineapple pulp waste showed maximum amount of reducing sugars(30.5mg/100g) and ash(1.8mg/100g)respectively. Pineapple waste contains high concentration of biodegradable organic material and suspended particles. Pineapple waste showed higher concentration of crude fibre, non-reducing sugar, protein, ascorbic acid and moisture content. Therefore pineapple waste is used as substrate for growth of microbes in fermentation process.  For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Link:  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/physicohemical-constituents-of-pineapple-pulp-and-waste.pdf

ABSTRACT 4-acetyl/benzoyl-1-(4’-nitrophenyl)-3-methyl-2-pyrazolin-5-ones condensed with sulfadoxine to form Schiff bases. These Schiff bases form complexes type of ML2.2H2O (M= Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu). Elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, electrical conductance, electronic and infrared spectral data suggested octahedral structures for the complexes. All the compounds were tested for their antibacterial activity. The results indicate that the growth of the tested organism was inhibited by most of the compounds. These Schiff bases were characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectra, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FT IR spectra.  For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Link:  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/synthesis-and-structural-analogs-of-novel-schiff-bases-derived-from-sulfadoxine-with-4acetylbenzoyl14nitrophenyl3methyl2.pdf

ABSTRACT: The Fe(III), Ru(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of a Schiff base derived from pyrazine-2-carboxamide and thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (PZATA: 1) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by various physico-chemical data. The ligand acts as a neutral, bidentate one towards the metal ions coordinating through azomethine nitrogen and thiophene sulphur. The geometry and the bonding characteristics associated with the complexes have been deduced from relevant spectral data. Further ,the ligand and the metal complexes have been screened for their antimicrobial activity and the results are presented.  For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Link:  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/synthesis-and-characterization-of-metal-complexes-of-a-novel-schiff-base.pdf

ABSTRACT: Ultrasonic velocity, viscosity and density of schiff base (E)–2-(2-chlorobenzylideneamino)benzoic acid and its metal complex of Fe(III) in DMSO have been measured at constant temperatures in the range of 306Kand different concentration. This schiff base was readily and conveniently accessible in high yields by green method. From the experimental data, the acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility(βs), relative association(RA), specific acoustic impedance (Z), free path length (Lf), relaxation amplitude(α/f2 ), relaxation time (τ), relative viscosity(Ƞr)and their excess values have been computed and presented as functions of compositions. The deviations from ideality of the acoustical parameters are explained on the basis of molecular interactions between the components of the mixtures. The variations of these parameters with composition of the mixture suggest the strength of molecular interactions in these mixtures. For more details Home Page URL : http:/...

ABSTRACT: Medicinal plants are sources of important therapeutic aids for alleviating human ailments. The traditional use of medicinal plants leaf extract for diseases is quite common in developing countries like India. In a view to understand the scientific reason behind its medicinal value, an attempt is made in this study, to analyze major bioactive compounds present in the leaf extract from Wedelia chinensis (Osbeck) Merrill (Family Asteraceae) by GC-MS. The major chemical constituents are 2-Tridecanone (CAS) (4.51%), n-(methoxyphenylmethylene) carbamic acid ethyl ester (1.65%), and 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester, (Z,Z,Z) (13.68%). The presence of some of these constituents in the plant extract provides the scientific evidences for the antimicrobial, anti-tumor, and antioxidant properties of the plant. Further study is required to find out the specific phytochemical which is responsible for its medicinal value.  For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocp...

ABSTRACT: West Liaohe river plain is an important food base of China, and the groundwater is the main resource of water supply. Because of the effect of industrial and domestic pollution and the application of fertilizer and pesticide in agriculture, the groundwater has been polluted to a certain extent. This article analysis of carious methods of groundwater pollution evaluation, improves the method of single factor pollution, and proposes the single index pollution standard. The author carried out the survey in the west Liaohe plain, and collected 390 groundwater samples. Every sample is tested 79 indicators(including 7 live tests). According to the date’s analysis , we choose 34 items evaluated , such as iron ,fluorine ,nitrogen and organic projects This article uses the single factor pollution index method to evaluate the groundwater pollution of the eastern west Liaohe plain and analyze the causes of groundwater pollution. According to the pollution’s classification, the autho...

ABSTRACT: Russula delica, a wild edible mushroom, is commonly available at lateritic zone of West Bengal. The macrofungus was subjected to ethanolic extract and its antioxidant properties using multimechanistic assays were studied. The extract exhibited excellent activities in superoxide radical scavenging (EC50= 0.465 mg/ml), reducing power (EC50= 0.56 mg/ml) and chelating ability of ferrous ion assays (EC50= 0.59 mg/ml) than inhibition of β-carotene bleaching (EC50= 0.965 mg/ml) and DPPH radical scavenging methods (EC50= 1.2 mg/ml). Total polyphenols were the major naturally occurring antioxidant component found in the extract, whereas ascorbic acid was present in vestigial amount. Antioxidant activity in all the assays were established to be highly correlated with total phenols (R2= 0.987) and flavonoids (R2= 0.953) implying that the polyphenols was partly responsible for the antioxidant activities. Thus the study scientifically demonstrated use of R. delica as a potential sourc...

ABSTRACT: A new series of 2,4-thiazolidinedione based derivatives have been synthesized by the condensation of 2-amino-4-aryl thiazole and 4’-chlorosulphonyl benzylidine-2,4-thiazolidinedione. The novel compounds structure has been established on the basis of their substituted N-chloro aryl acetamide derivatives. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. These new compounds were evaluated for their In vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus Aureus, Bacillus Subtilis, Escherichia Coli, and Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Link:   http://www.jocpr.com/articles/microbial-studies-of-nchloro-aryl-acetamide-substituted-thaizole-and-24thazolidinedione-derivatives.pdf

ABSTRACT: Ethyl acetoacetate react with phenyl hydrazine in the presence of acid was gave ethyl-3-(2- phenylhydrazono)butanoate (EP), which was characterized by elemental analysis and spectral studies. The transition metal chelates viz. Cu2+, Ni2+ , Co2+ , Mn2+ and Zn2+ of EP were prepared and characterized by metalligand (M:L) ratio, IR and reflectance spectroscopies and magnetic properties. The antifungal activity of EP and its metal chelates was screened against various fungi. The results show that all these samples are good antifungal agents. For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Link:  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/studies-on-novel-hydrazide-compounds-and-their-metal-complex.pdf

ABSTRACT: A series of new TTF containing a nitro group were prepared by using a Wittig condensation between a TTF bearing an aldehyde function and an appropriate aromatic phosphonium salt.The reducing power of each new precursor was determined by cyclic voltammetry. Charge transfer complexes of the donors with TCNQ were prepared and characterized. The electrical conductivity of these materials was measured. For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Link :  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/synthesis-characterization-and-electrochemical-properties-of-new-series-of-ttf-derivatives-as-useful-components-for-cond.pdf

ABSTRACT: In the present study an attempt was made to isolate organisms that would synthesize chitinase which can be used for the effective biodegradation of a vast majority of crustacean waste. Out of the four isolates screened, the isolate I-3 showed maximum chitinase activity and was selected for further research. The isolate I-3 was identified as Serratia marcescens using the standard identification parameters like gram staining followed by the biochemical assays. Further characterization and purification of chitinase needs to be carried out.  For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Link:  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/isolation-and-screening-of-chitinase-producing-serratia-marcescens-from-soil.pdf

ABSTRACT:   The Padmakar-Ivan (PI) index is a Wiener-Szeged-like topological index which reflects certain structural features of organic molecules. Each structural feature of such organic molecule can be expressed as a graph. In this paper, we study the PI indices for some special graphs, such as Ir(Fn), Ir(Wn), ~ n F , ~ W n , Ir( ~ n F ) and Ir( ~ W n ). INTRODUCTION Wiener index (W) and Szeged index (Sz) are introduced to reflect certain structural features of organic molecules [1, 2]. Khadikar et al. [3, 4] introduced another index called Padmaker-Ivan (PI) index. For the previous results on PI index, can refer [5-8]. In this paper, we study the PI index of several simple connected graphs. The PI index of a graph G is defined as follows: PI=PI(G)= { ( | ) ( | )} eu ev  n e G n e G  , where e=uv, ( | ) eu n e G is the number of edges of G lying closer to u than v, ( | ) ev n e G is the number of edges of G lying closer to v than u and the summation goes over all edges ...

ABSTRACT: Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) were isolated and enumerated from the gut of earthworm varieties, epigeic ( Eisenia foetida ) , Endogeic (Allolobophora chlorotica), anecic (Apporectodea longa). Total bacterial count and PSB were isolated and identified.Among 4 PSB isolates from three varieties of earthworm guts, highest number of PSB were isolated and enumerated from (Eisenia foetida). The dominant genera identified by cultural and morphological and physiological characteristics were Bacillus subtilis (23.5+2 mm) followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.2+01 mm) Enterobacter aerogens (18.3+04 mm) and P. fluorescens (11.2+0.01). Besides from this other genera like Klebsiella pneumoniae and E.coli were also identified, but in low frequency . Revealed that their higher number of PSB associate with earthworm gut . The present work follows the changes in the phosphate solubilizing in ingested material as it passes through the worm and attempts to evaluate benefits the wor...

ABSTRACT: The infrared (IR) and Raman spectra were recorded at room temperature of 2-Carboxyanilinium Bromide and 2- Carboxyanilinium Chloride and observed band were assigned. In the present study, anthranilic acid is observed as a protonated carboxyanilinium cation with a bromide, chloride as anion and hydrogen-bonded water molecule. The proposed assignments of normal modes are based on group theoretical analysis. The extensive intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the crystal has been identified by the shifting of bands due to the stretching and bending modes of the various functional groups. Thermal stability and phase transition study has been analyzed by TG/DTA. For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Link:  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/spectroscopic-and-thermal-studies-of-anthralinic-acid-vitamin-lwith-br-and-cl.pdf

ABSTRACT: Novel substituted 4H-chromenes were synthesized via O-alkylation of 2-amino-7-hydroxy-4-phenyl-4H-chromene-3- carbonitrile (1) followed by hydrazinolysis to give the hydrazide 3. This key intermediate 3 was reacted with aromatic aldehydes, arylmethylenemalononitriles and substituted isothiocyanates to yield compounds 4a&b and 5a&b, respectively. In addition, cyclization of 5a&b in piperidine yielded the target thiazolo derivatives 6a&b. All newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant activity. Compound 5a was found to be the most potent antioxidant and the least active among the series being compound 1.  For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Link:  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/synthesis-of-novel-substituted-4hchromenes-and-their-antioxidant-screening.pdf

ABSTRACT: In this work, the adsorption of Pb+2& Zn+2 ions onto activated carbon produced from rice husk(RHAC) was studied, and the efficiency of RHAC has been compared with efficiency of raw rice husk(RH) and commercial activated carbon(CAC) for removal the heavy metal ions from waste oil water which comes out from the oil industry in basrah city. The effects of operating parameters were studied such as (contact time, adsorbent size, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of adsorbate, temperature, pH and rotation speed), and the optimum operating parameters in batch adsorption process were determined. At the optimum conditions the adsorption efficiency is arranged by (RHAC > CAC >RH) which removed 96.26, 95.71, 81.06% of Pb+2 ions, and 92.51, 83.32, 53.28% of Zn+2 ions. For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Link:  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/adsorption-of-pb2-and-zn2-ions-from-oil-wells-onto-activated-carbon-produced-from-r...

ABSTRACT: Chloroform, methanol, chloroform: methanol (2:1 v/v), hexane and petroleum ether extracts of Hypnea musciformis from the coast of Kanyakumari were tested in vitro for their antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Proteus mirabilis with the disc diffusion method. Chloroform: methanol was the best solution for extracting the effective antibacterial materials from the Hypnea musciformis used in this experimental and compared with standard drug, Tetracycline. In the present study show the importance of in producing new bioactivity compounds having antibacterial activity. For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Link:  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/antibacterial-activity-of-marine-red-alga-hypnea-musciformis.pdf

ABSTRACT: Liver is the largest vital organ in human body and plays a major role in various metabolism and excretion of xenobiotics within the body. Liver dysfunction is a foremost health problem that challenges not only health care professionals but also the pharmaceutical industry as more than 900 drugs are implicated in case of liver injury. Hepatotoxicity is caused by various toxic substances and certain pharmaceutical drugs which produce liver injury such as-carbon tetrachloride, thioacetamide, high doses of acetaminophen, anti-tubercular drugs, few chemotherapeutic agents etc. The existing modern synthetic drugs to treat liver disorders in this condition also cause furthermore liver damage/complications. Therefore, many herbal drugs from natural origin have become increasingly popular and their use is wide spread. These herbal medicines have been used in the treatment of liver diseases for a long time because of their antioxidants properties and tissue protective nature. Exten...

ABSTRACT:   Drugs from the plants are easily available, less expensive, safe, and efficient and rarely have side effects. The alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and phenol compounds play a major role in preventing a number of chronic diseases by a definite physiological action on the human body like anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective and anticarcinogenic activities.Leucas aspera (Family:Lamiaceae) commonly known as 'Thumbai' is one such medicinal plant which is being used traditionally as an antipyretic and insecticide. Parts of the plant is also being used for many disorders like rheumatism, psoriasis and chronic skin eruptions.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the invitro phytochemical analysis on aqueous ethanolic extract of whole plant of Leucas aspera. Phytochemical screening was carried out for chloroform,aqueous ethanol and water as per the standard methods. Plant contains sterols, alkaloids, flavonoids,galactose, oleanolic acid,...

ABSTRACT: Present study deals with the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of CaesalpiniasappanL. Antimicrobial activity of C. sappanwas analyzed by using Well Diffusion (WD) and Disc Diffusion (DD) methods. Antimicrobial activity was analyzed using crude extract of C. sappanprepared by using various solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, chloroform and petroleum ether against various microorganism such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia. Phytochemical analyses were carried out for most potent methanol, ethanol and acetone extract of C. sappanusing standard assays. Out of the various selected extracts, methanol, ethanol and acetone extracts showed effective antimicrobial activity against the bacteria. Petroleum ether extract of the plant showed no significant zone of inhibition against the bacteria. The phytochemical analysis of C. sappan showed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tann...

ABSTRACT:  Various studies have been done to identify antioxidants from plant sources and efforts have been taken to incorporate it in conventional therapy. In our present study, alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Desmodium gangeticum ( one of the main ingredients of famous Ayurvedic preparations-Dasamularistha, Dashmoola ark, Dashmoola taila, etc.,) and its substituent Pseudarthria viscida roots ( used in the preparation of Ayurvedic medicines namely Dashamoola, Mahanarayana taila and Dhantara taila) have been evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging, Nitric Oxide scavenging activity and reducing power assay methods. Ascorbic acid (100 µg/ml) was used as standard antioxidant. All the analysis was made with the use of UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The results of the assay showed that the extracts of Desmodium gangeticum and Pseudarthria viscida roots possess significant free radical scavenging and reducing power properties. Hence, it can be conclu...

ABSTRACT:   New simple, accurate and economical UV-spectrophotometric method has been developed for estimation of valsartan in pure and pharmaceutical formulation. The λmax of valsartan in methanol and water was found to be 250.80nm. The drug exhibited the linearity in the concentration range of 5.0-30µg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.996.The accuracy of the method was made by recovery experiment performed at three different levels i.e., 50%, 100% and 150 %. The % recovery was found to be in the range 99.26% - 100.7%. The low values of % R.S.D. are indicative of the high accuracy and reproducibility of the proposed method. The precision studies of the method revealed results of % R.S.D.values less than 2 indicating that the developed method is precise. The proposed method was applied to pharmaceutical formulation and % amount of drug estimated 99.97% was found in good agreement with the label claim. The developed method was a rapid and cost-effective for routine analysis o...

ABSTRACT: Incorporation of barley flour (BF) to wheat flour (WF) at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 50 and 100% levels was carried out to test the effect on baking quality. BF is characterized by its wealth in soluble fibers and tocols witch have several health benefits. Methods of analysis focused on the determination of physical-chemical criteria, technological and rheological properties. This study has revealed that the addition of BF affected adversely the various criteria and properties studied. In fact, BF increased the ash content and decreased the Zeleny sedimentation value (ZSV). The effect on the ZSV is highly significant (α = 0.01) for level superior than 10 %. A narrow correlation was noticed (r = -0.994). As for rheological properties, the addition of BF resulted in an increase of dough tenacity (P), decrease in baking strength (W) and extensibility (L). The variation of P and L in two opposite directions ended in an imbalance of alveograms (P/L). The tenacity showed significant...

ABSTRACT: During present investigation of ground water pollution was calculated with the mearsument of level of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) contents. The ground water samples were collected from twelve ponds from Nipani town near sugar factory and analyzed every month throughout the year. So, we have studied levels of BOD in underground water. BOD was 62 mg/lit. The seasonal analysis indicated that the levels of BOD were generally higher in summer and winter than their levels in rainy season. For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Link:   http://www.jocpr.com/articles/determination-of-bod-in-the-underground-water.pdf

ABSTRACT: The Hemidesmus indicus is used to cure leprosy, leucoderma, itching, skin disease, asthma, bronchitis, leucorrhoea, dysentery, piles, syphilis, and paralysis. The present study was aimed to investigate the Physico-chemical and preliminary phytochemical screening of Hemidesmus indicus root. The physicochemical parameters of Hemidesmus indicus root powder were determined like extractive value, loss on drying and foaming index. The root extracts of Hemidesmus indicus were prepared using different solvents like petroleum ether, ethanol and distilled water. The phytochemical screening of the root extracts was performed. The thin layer chromatography (TLC) of ethanol and aqueous extracts were studied. The presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, steroids, polyphenol, saponins and terpenoids were indicated by the test conducted. The three Rf value (0.78, 0.71 & 0.38) and two Rf value (0.75 & 0.51) were found in TLC plate of ethanol and aqueous extracts respective...

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacterial foodborne pathogens and to know the suitable antibiotic in controlling of foodborne pathogens. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas Sps were tested with twelve antibiotics by disc diffusion method. Among all antibiotic streptomycin, cefpodoxeme, Clindamycin and Kanamycin; clindamycin and streptomycin; nalidixic acid and clindamycin; kanamycin, gentamycin and tetracycline and norfloxacilin, streptomycin and kanamycin were shown greater inhibition of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas Sps. respectively. Ampicillin, nalidixic acid and gentamycin; ampicillin, tetracycline and gentamycin; ampicillin, norfloxicin, cefpodoxeme and nitrofurontaine; and ampicillin, cotrimaxzole and nitrofurontaine were not inhibiting the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium...

ABSTRACT:   Industrial enzymes are produced by various organisms using a wide variety of substrates. The present study was carried out to investigate the production of protease by Aspergillus niger using fish scale as the growth media. Fish scale, the chief waste material of fish processing industries, was enzymatically hydrolysed by protease produced by A. niger. Two mutated strains of A. niger, namely, AB30 and AB60 were also used apart from the wild type A. niger strain. Trichloroacetic acid buffer was used to maintain the optimum moisture content of the substrate. No separate nutrient sources apart from the fish scales were used. This proves the cost effectiveness and efficiency of this process. The enzyme activity was analyzed from the 5 th day and it was further analyzed for three consecutive days and the results were plotted and analyzed. For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Link:  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/production...

ABSTRACT: Phytochemical analysis of the dried leaves of Taebernaemontana coronaria (Apocynaceae) indicates the presence of a steroids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids and reducing sugars. The Phamacological interest of these compounds coupled with the use of this plant is traditional medicine promoted the authors to check for its possible antimicrobial activity. The extracts (pet ether, chloroform and ethanol) were found to possess maximum activity against infectious pathogens. The zone of inhibition was observed with four antimicrobes with some exceptions. The obtained results provide a support for the use of this plant in traditional medicine and its further investigation. For more details Home Page URL : http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Link:  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/phytochemical--and--antimicrobial--evaluation--of--leaves-extracts--of-taebernaemountana-coronaria.pdf

ABSTRACT: Polyphenolics found in vegetables exhibit a wide range of biological activities as a result of their antioxidant properties. This study sought to determine the antioxidative and inhibitory actions of phenolic extract of some tropical green leafy vegetables ( Telfaria occidentalis,Celocia argentia, Occimum graticimum, Structium sparejanophora, Corchorus olitorius and Talinum triangulare) on key enzymes linked with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Free polyphenols of these vegetables were extracted by using 80% acetone. The phenolic content, flavonoid content, ferric reducing capacity, total antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in pancreas were subsequently determined. Enzyme inhibition assays of α –amylase, α-glucosidase and angiotensin I- converting enzyme were also assessed. The results of the study revealed that the free polyphenolic extract of Corchorus olitorius has the highest flavonoid and phenolic contents (2.9mg/100g and 1.79mg/g respectively) compared to ...

ABSTRACT: Moleneria recurvata (Fam. Hypoxidaceae) is an herb. It is also known as palm grass. Leaves are alternate having parallel-veined, or pinnately veined. Stomata are present. Secretary cavities may be present or absent. Flowers are regular. The fibers from the plant have been used for purposes such as making nets, and the fruit is edible. The present study deals with the phytochemical screening on leaf extract of Moleneria recurvata; belongs to family Hypoxidaceae. This plant has a high economic importance due to it’s various medicinal properties. Extraction of bioactive compounds from this medicinal plant permits demonstration of it’s physiological activity. It also facilitates pharmacological studies leading to discovery of synthesis of more potent drugs. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids in high concentration followed by hydroxy-anthraquinone glycosides, phytosteroids, dextrin, flavonoid etc. Powder analysis parameters like extractive value, to...

ABSTRACT: The aim of the present investigation was to develop a once-daily modified release (MR) matrix tablet formulations of Capecitabine (CPC), an anti-cancer drug, using Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC K4M & HPMC K15M) as drug release retardant. The tablets were prepared by direct compression process and evaluated for various physico-chemical/mechanical parameters. Among the two grades of HPMC used, K15M was selected as release retardant based on viscosity in controlling the CPC release during dissolution. The effect of different fillers like microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, Avicel PH 105), Spray Dried Lactose (SDL), Pre Gelatinized Starch (PGS), Di Calcium Phosphate (DCP) on CPC release was also studied and the percent release at the end of dissolution is in the order of SDL > Avicel PH 105 > DCP > PGS. The formulation containing 10% (w/w) of HPMC K15M and MCC (Avicel PH 105) as filler gave a complete and controlled release of CPC over a period of 24h (94.4 ...

ABSTRACT:   Cyperus articulatus L. (Cyperaceae), commonly known as piri piri, is a medicinal plant used traditionally for several medicinal purposes like headaches, migraine, epilepsy, etc. The present study evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of the methanol extract of Cyperus articulatus Linn. (MECA) against paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced in Wistar rats by oral administration of paracetamol (640 mg/kg suspended in 1% carboxy methyl cellulose), once during the 16 days treatment period. MECA was administered orally at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg daily for 16 days. Silymarin (25 mg/kg) was used as standard drug. Hepatoprotective activity was evaluated by the biochemical estimation of liver function parameters (SGPT, SGOT, ALP, total protein and total billirubin), antioxidant assays of liver homogenate (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione content, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity) and histological study of liver tissue. In...

ABSTRACT: This mechanistic study on the oxidation of diethyl ketone by Ir (III) chloride in aqueous perchloric acid medium when cerium (IV) perchlorate is used as a catalyst has been done at temperature range of 293 to 308 K under conditions such that, [Ir]T << [Ce (IV)]T << [CH3-CH2-CO-CH2-CH3] so that the reaction constants of different steps involved have been evaluated with great ease and accuracy the rate of reaction tends towards zero-order at higher concentration and first order at lower concentration with respect to ceric perchlorate and diethyl ketone. Order of reaction is unity with respect to [Ir (III)] in the concentration range studied. On increasing the concentrations of [H+ ] the rate decreases slightly. The effect of ionic strength and the dielectric constant on reaction rate has also been studied. The active species of oxidant is indicated to be Ce4+ and Ce (OH)3+. An intermediate involving the oxidant, catalyst and substrate has been proposed as being ...

ABSTRACT: The present study describes development and subsequent validation of a stability indicating reverse-phase HPLC method for the estimation of Quetiapine Fumarate (QF) in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The proposed RP-HPLC method utilizes a Inertsil ODS (250 x 4.6 mm, 5µ) column, at ambient temperature, optimum mobile phase consisted of 0.02%v/v formic acid and methanol (90:10), effluent flow monitored at 1mL/min and UV detection at 220nm. The retention time of QF was 13.4min. The bulk active pharmaceutical ingredient was subjected to thermal, photolytic, hydrolytic (acidic and basic) and oxidative stress conditions and stressed samples were analyzed by the proposed method. Considerable degradation was found to occur only in oxidative stress conditions. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines, a good linearity was observed in the concentration range of 10- 50µg/mL with a correlation coefficient (R) of >0.999 and method showed good repeatability and reproducib...

ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to estimate the mineral elements and to determine antimicrobial and radical scavenging efficacy of flower of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) belonging to the family Lythraceae. Estimation of mineral elements present in microwave digested sample of flower was done by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). Antimicrobial activity of methanol extract of flower was determined against 5 isolates of Streptococcus mutans, 5 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans by Agar well diffusion assay. Radical scavenging activity was performed by ABTS radical scavenging assay. The content of potassium and sodium was highest and least among major elements respectively. In case of minor elements, content of iron was highest whereas the content of nickel was least. The extract was effective in inhibiting all test microorganisms. Among bacteria, high susceptibility was observed in case of S. aureus ...

ABSTRACT: The present study deals with the solid state characterization of novel Ceftiofur Sodium having moisture content in the range of 5.0-8.0%. Here the analytical challenge is to determine the exact hydration state, i.e. Dihydrate or Hemipentahydrate or Trihydrate. Based on the results of vacuum assisted PXRD, DSC, TGA, DVS and HSM the hydration state was confirmed as trihydrate wherein one mole in the lattice, forms channel hydrate and two moles are possibly present as ion-associated. For more details Home Page URL: http://www.jocpr.com/ Further details PDF Link:  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/solid-state-characterization-of-ceftiofur-sodium-polymorph.pdf

ABSTRACT: A microwave assisted three-component condensation of β-keto ester, aldehydes, and urea or thio-urea catalysed by TTSA to a biologically active 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-ones is described. The reactions were completed in short time, simple work up procedure, and the catalyst could be recovered by mere filtration and recycled for five consecutive runs without significant loss of activity. Further details Home page URL: http://www.jocpr.com/ For more details PDF Link:  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/microwave-assisted-biginellis-synthesis-of-34dihydropyrimidin21hones-using-1-3-5triazine2-4-6triyltrisulfamic-acid-as-he.pdf  

ABSTRACT: The freshwater fishes are an important source of animal protein to human population. They are adversely affected by aquatic pollutants such as pesticides used in agriculture, which are easily washed off into the water bodies. The effect may be direct when the pesticide is absorbed into the body through the skin, gill, intestine, wound, etc. It may be indirect when the pesticide alters the quality of the water, such as depletion of dissolved oxygen. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in some hematological parameters of the fresh water fish Channa punctatus exposed to lower (0.075 mg/l) and higher (0.15 mg/l) sub lethal concentrations of LC50 (0.75mg/l) of the synthetic pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin for 15, 30 and 45 days. In the fish exposed to both the concentrations for 45 days there was a significant decrease in the hemoglobin content, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, as co...

ABSTRACT: Systematic phytochemical studies of the dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) fraction of the aqueous extract of Astragalus propinquus on a C-18 column using a Biotage Flash Chromatography system yielded three flavonoids namely 5- hydroxy-4´, 6, 7 trimethoxyflavone (salvigenin), 4´, 5, 7-trihydroxyflavone (apigenin), and 3´,4´, 5, 7- tetrhydroxyflavone (luteolin). The structures of the isolated compounds salvigenin, apigenin, and luteolin were characterized on the basis of extensive spectral studies and literature search. Further, the complete 1H and 13C NMR spectral assignments of the three isolated compounds are reported on the basis of 1D (1H and 13C) and 2D (COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) NMR spectral data. Further details Home page URL: http://www.jocpr.com/    For more details PDF Link:  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/flavonoids-from-astragalus-propinquus.pdf

ABSTRACT: A series 2-[4-(2-amino-6-phenyl-6H-1,3-thiazin-4-yl)phenoxy]ethanol derivative (4a-4g) were synthesized from 1- [4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one (3a-3g) with thiourea And sodium hydroxide in ethanol. All the synthesized compounds characterized on the basis of their IR, 1H NMR spectroscopic data and elemental analysis. All the compounds have been screened for antimicrobial activity by the cup-plate method. Further details Home page URL: http://www.jocpr.com/ For more details PDF Link:  http://www.jocpr.com/articles/synthesis-and-antimicrobial-activity-of-thiazine-derivatives.pdf

ABSTRACT: The desulfurization-denitrification biofilm reactor with an anaerobic sulfate reduction bioreactor as pretreatment was operated for 370 days. And autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification was found to be coexistence in this process. In anaerobic sulfate reduction reactor (AR), the influent sulfate was increased from 900 mgSO4 2-/l to 2100 mgSO4 2-/l and the sulfide generating rate was high at 97.5%. In autotrophic and heterotrophic (mixotrophic) desulfurization-denitrification reactor (MR), HRT was decreased from 6.63h to 3.31h. The sulfide was removed of 100% and predominantly oxidized to sulfur. TOC was further removed of 86.6% and the level of heterotrophic denitrification happened in MR ranged from 35.7% to 59.9%. The final average removals of sulfate and organic carbon were 93.8% and 97.8% at volumetric loadings of 7200 mgSO4 2-/(l·d) and 4800 mgC/(l·d), respectively. The sulfate was finally converted to sulfur which could be reused and would not cause secondary ...

ABSTRACT: Opportunistic infections are common and in the cases of cancer patients, they are very harmful. Bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Shigella dysenteriae, and Proteus mirabilis isolated from cancer and other immunosuppressed patients were tested for their sensitivity to compounds of essential oils such as Citral, Limonene, Menthone and Thymol. In agar well diffusion method the selected essential oils were effective against both gram positive as well as gram negative organisms. For e.g, Citral was highly active against S.pneumoniae and least against S. aureus. Limonene was highly active against S.typhi and least against S. aureus. Menthone was highly active against P.mirabilis and least against P.aeruginosa. The results for Thymol were moderate, when compared with the reference drug ciprofloxacin. The results for minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were similar to minimal inhibitor...

 ABASTRACT: In this study a comparison between the anatomical structure of the leaves and stems of five species from the genus Heliotropium (H. ovalifolium, H. bacciferum, H. strigosum, H. supinum and H. sudanicum) in Sudan were carried out to outline the diagnostic characters; thus helping to identify them, to classify them using the anatomical characters. It had been found that all the species have barrel-shaped epidermis of one layer. Hairs were found in two groups:basal cells in one row with smooth wall which include (H. bacciferum and H. supinum) ,basal cells in many rows and the wall is glandular (H. ovalifolium,H. strigosum and H. sudanicum). The hypodermis consist of collenchymatous cells except H. bacciferum which have paranchymatous cells cells. Whereas the general cortex composed of paranchymatous cells. Pholem element and xylem are noted. The transverse sections of the leaves showed that the mesophyle consist of 2-5 layers of spongi cells, palisade layers varied from...